ABSTRACT
Varronia curassavica has anti-inflammatory properties because of the terpenes, α-humulene and ß-caryophyllene, present in the essential oil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seasonality on the essential oil of V. curassavica accessions. Leaves from six accessions were collected from the Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Minas Gerais over 12 months. Correlations between the essential oil content and meteorological factors were determined. Gas chromatography analysis coupled with mass spectrometry was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil. The content and chemical composition of the oil varied throughout the year. Relative humidity was correlated with accessions ICA-VC2 (-0.64) and ICA-VC4 (0.68). ß-bourbonene, ß-elemene, spathulenol, germacrene, caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and ß-caryophyllene occurred in all accessions. Accession ICA-VC3 exhibited lower variation (22.17%), higher average (0.97%) essential oil, and maintained an average abundance of α-humulene greater than 2.6%, which is the amount necessary for phytotherapeutics.
Varronia curassavica tiene propiedades antiinflamatorias debido a los terpenos, α-humuleno y ß-cariofileno, presentes en el aceite esencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la estacionalidad en el aceite esencial de las accesiones de V. curassavica. Se recolectaron hojas de seis accesiones del Banco de Germoplasma de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais durante 12 meses. Se determinaron las correlaciones entre el contenido de aceite esencial y los factores meteorológicos. Se realizó un análisis de cromatografía de gases junto con espectrometría de masas para determinar la composición química del aceite esencial. El contenido y la composición química del aceite varió a lo largo del año. La humedad relativa se correlacionó con las accesiones ICA-VC2 (-0,64) e ICA-VC4 (0,68). En todas las accesiones aparecieron ß-bourboneno, ß-elemeno, espatulenol, germacreno, óxido de cariofileno, α-humuleno y ß-cariofileno. La accesión ICA-VC3 mostró una menor variación (22,17%), un promedio más alto (0,97%) de aceite esencial y mantuvo una abundancia media de α-humuleno superior al 2,6%, que es la cantidad necesaria para los fitoterápicos.
Subject(s)
Seasons , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Boraginaceae/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Temperature , Seed Bank , Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes/analysis , HumidityABSTRACT
Las plantas contienen numerosos activos hidratantes, nutritivos, antioxidantes, suavizantes y estimulantes, ya sea en la corteza, en las hojas, en la raíz o en los granos. Los avances en materia de extracción y evaluación de los activos vegetales han sido realmente notables en la última década. El proyecto 'Agrocos', financiado con 2,9 millones de euros por la UE, está rastreando el mundo vegetal para encontrar sustitutivos naturales de los ingredientes sintéticos que se utilizan actualmente en los cosméticos. La especie Cordia lutea L. (Muyuyo, nombre originario de la zona litoral, peninsular de la Provincia del Guayas); está dentro de los arbustos que usualmente florecen en condiciones normales en zonas de clima cálido. Es decir, aquellas zonas con inviernos más o menos suaves, libres de frío y de vientos salinos. El muyuyo tiene muchas propiedades medicinales desde la flores, hojas, y frutos. Es conocido que la goma del fruto se la usa como goma arábiga, y para fijar el cabello. De acuerdo a las investigaciones realizadas sobre la composición química del fruto del muyuyo, nos encontramos que; es desconocida, de ahí que nace la importancia y se plantea en realizar su primer estudio fitoquímico, identificándose los metabolitos secundarios como: Lactonas, catequinas, azúcares reductores, saponinas, fenoles, taninos, aminoácidos y mucílagos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Boraginaceae/chemistry , Cosmetics , Hair Preparations , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
The people of San Rafael Coxcatlán use Cordia curassavica to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. The aim of this work was to investigate the temporal variation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of C. curassavica in two seasons of the year (dry and rainy). The essential oil of aerial parts was obtained by steam distillation, 12 and 17 compounds were identified for dry and rainy seasons respectively by GC-MS. The major component was for the dry season 1,7,7-trimethyl tricyclo (2.2.1.0(2,6)) heptane (20.3 percent), and for the rainy season was germacrene (24.41 percent). The antibacterial activity of essential oils varies temporarily because was active in nine strains in the dry season and four in the wet. The more sensitive strains were Stapahylococcus epidermidis and Vibrio cholera. The essential oil obtained in dry season presented a MIC of 0.75 and 0.125 mg/mL, and for the rainy season a MIC of 1.00 and 0.375 mg/mL respectively. Rhizoctonia solani was the more sensitive fungi strain (IC25 0.1300 mg/mL) in the rainy season. These results show that the chemical composition and biological properties of essential oil of the C. curassavica have temporal variation.
La población de San Rafael para tratar padecimientos gastrointestinales y respiratorios emplean Cordia curassavica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar la variación temporal de la composición química y la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de C. curassavica colectada en dos épocas del año (sequía y lluvias). El aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante la técnica de arrastre de vapor y los componentes se identificaron por CG-MS. En la época de secas se detectaron 12 compuestos y 17 en la de lluvias. El principal componente para la época de secas fue el 1,7,7 trimetil triciclo (2.2.1.0(2,6)) heptano (20.3 por ciento) y para la temporada de lluvias fue el germacrano (24.41 por ciento). La actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial varía temporalmente porque fue activo sobre nueve cepas en la época seca y sobre cuatro cepas en la época lluviosa. Las cepas más sensibles para ambas estaciones fueron Stapahylococcus epidermidis y Vibrio cholerae. En la época de seca, el aceite esencial presentó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de 0.75 y 0.125mg/mL, mientras que en la época de lluvias fueron de 1.00 y 0.375 mg/mL respectivamente. La cepa fúngica más sensible fue Rhizoctonia solani (IC25 0.130 mg/mL) en la época de lluvia. Estos resultados muestran que la composición química y las propiedades biológicas de los aceites esenciales de Cordia curassavica varian de acuerdo a la época del año.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Cordia/chemistry , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Boraginaceae/chemistry , Dry Season , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Rainy Season , Seasons , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Terpenes/analysisABSTRACT
The seeds of Echium amoenum [Boraginaceae] are used in Iranian Traditional Medicine as diuretic, analgesic, hypotensive and diaphoretic. This study was designed to identification and quantification of composition of fatty acids in the seeds oil of E. amoenum. The seeds of the plant were extracted with n-hexane. After evaporating under reduced pressure, oil was get. Methanolysis of the oil glyceride was carried out in KOH medium and BF3, under reflux condition for 30 min. The esters passed into the upper hexane layer, then analyzed by GC-MS. The seeds of E. amoenum revealed the presence of four fatty acids including one saturated and three unsaturated. The unsaturated fatty acids were present in much greater proportion than saturated ones. Linolenic acid was found to be major unsaturated fatty acid and the palmitic acid as predominant saturated acid
Subject(s)
Boraginaceae/chemistry , Fatty Acids/isolation & purification , alpha-Linolenic Acid , Plant Extracts , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Rotula aquatica was extensively used by vaidyas (Ayurvedic practioners) in holistic treatment of cancer. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antimitotic activity of R. aquatica. Preliminary antimitotic screening was done using Allium cepa root tip assay. The mitotic index of the root tips markedly decreased with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract. The different fractions obtained by successive extraction of R. aquatica using solvents of increasing polarity were also evaluated for their antimitotic activity. Tannins were isolated which showed a better activity than the non-tannin fraction. Experiments were also carried out with incorporation of folic acid in the aqueous extract. Folic acid inhibited the antimitotic activity of aqueous extract of R. aquatica in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained were compared with methotrexate--a known drug available in market as anti-cancer agent. The studies were extended to human cells using 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines, viz: HPAF-II, BxPC-3, and CAPAN-2. Extract of R. aquatica was found to be extremely effective in the prevention of cell proliferation of the pancreatic cancer cell lines. The phytochemical evaluation revealed presence of polyphenols (tannins) and steroids. A HPTLC fingerprinting was developed and studied. Two compounds were isolated and subjected to spectral studies like UV, IR and mass spectrums. The empirical formula was derived by considering this data with elemental analysis of the compounds.